<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[David's Notes]]></title><description><![CDATA[David's Notes]]></description><link>https://trananhdung.com</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QyKy!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F59d7d7b6-67ef-46b2-8250-7a17a0a40f3b_1000x1000.png</url><title>David&apos;s Notes</title><link>https://trananhdung.com</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Sat, 18 Apr 2026 09:02:36 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://trananhdung.com/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[Trần Anh Dũng]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[en]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[dtranlog@substack.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[dtranlog@substack.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[Trần Anh Dũng]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[Trần Anh Dũng]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[dtranlog@substack.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[dtranlog@substack.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[Trần Anh Dũng]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[5 TRỤ CỘT GỐC DỄ KHỞI NGHIỆP CẦN BIẾT]]></title><description><![CDATA[C&#225;c b&#7841;n th&#226;n m&#7871;n,]]></description><link>https://trananhdung.com/p/5-tru-cot-goc-de-khoi-nghiep-can</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://trananhdung.com/p/5-tru-cot-goc-de-khoi-nghiep-can</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Trần Anh Dũng]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 16 Aug 2023 04:21:08 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QyKy!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F59d7d7b6-67ef-46b2-8250-7a17a0a40f3b_1000x1000.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>C&#225;c b&#7841;n th&#226;n m&#7871;n,</em></p><p><em>T&#244;i l&#224; Founder &amp; CEO c&#7911;a MOG Group. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; b&#224;i vi&#7871;t mang quan &#273;i&#7875;m c&#7911;a c&#225; nh&#226;n, m&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch l&#224; c&#249;ng &#273;&#224;m &#273;&#7841;o v&#7899;i c&#225;c co-founders, c&#7897;ng s&#7921;, chuy&#234;n gia v&#224; c&#225;c b&#7841;n b&#432;&#7899;c ch&#226;n v&#224;o kh&#7903;i nghi&#7879;p. Hy v&#7885;ng c&#225;c b&#7841;n ch&#233;m gi&#243; nhi&#7879;t t&#236;nh v&#224; kh&#244;ng ch&#234; c&#432;&#7901;i.</em></p><p><em>T&#7899; s&#7869; g&#243;p nh&#7863;t v&#224; vi&#7871;t l&#7841;i m&#7897;t c&#225;ch c&#244; &#273;&#7885;ng nh&#7845;t c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#7875; c&#225;c b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; hi&#7875;u v&#224; c&#249;ng nhau chia s&#7867;.</em></p><p><strong>Startup - Kh&#7903;i nghi&#7879;p s&#225;ng t&#7841;o! C&#7847;n hi&#7875;u &#273;&#250;ng!</strong></p><p>"Kh&#7903;i nghi&#7879;p s&#225;ng t&#7841;o l&#224; Kh&#7903;i nghi&#7879;p d&#7921;a tr&#234;n s&#7921; &#273;am m&#234; t&#7897;t &#273;&#7897;, tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m t&#7897;t c&#249;ng, c&#244;ng ngh&#7879; t&#7897;t cao, t&#7841;o ra c&#225;c m&#244; h&#236;nh, s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m s&#225;ng t&#7841;o, gi&#250;p &#273;&#7897;t ph&#225; trong t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng, v&#432;&#7907;t tr&#7897;i trong c&#7841;nh tranh nh&#7857;m gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t m&#7897;t/nhi&#7873;u nhu c&#7847;u n&#224;o &#273;&#243; c&#7911;a th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng."</p><p>N&#243;i th&#236; d&#7877; nh&#432; v&#7853;y nh&#432;ng l&#224;m sao &#273;&#7875; ch&#250;ng ta c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&#243;? Ch&#250;ng ta s&#7869; ph&#7843;i chu&#7849;n b&#7883; nh&#7919;ng g&#236;? H&#224;ng t&#7927; th&#7913; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i tr&#7843; l&#7901;i c&#249;ng m&#7897;t l&#250;c. D&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n, m&#7897;t tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m, m&#7897;t &#273;&#250;c k&#7871;t ph&#7847;n n&#224;o theo T&#244;i ngh&#297; s&#7869; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n.</p><p><strong>5 TR&#7908; C&#7896;T G&#7888;C D&#7876; KH&#7902;I NGHI&#7878;P C&#7846;N BI&#7870;T</strong></p><p>T&#244;i may m&#7855;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nghe, &#273;&#7885;c v&#7873; l&#7883;ch s&#7917; h&#236;nh th&#224;nh c&#7911;a SoftBank v&#224; nh&#7919;ng tri&#7871;t l&#253; &#225;p d&#7909;ng t&#7841;i SoftBank, m&#7897;t c&#244;ng ty r&#7845;t n&#7893;i ti&#7871;ng do &#244;ng Son Masayoshi s&#225;ng l&#7853;p v&#224; l&#224;m ch&#7911; t&#7883;ch. M&#7897;t ph&#7847;n kh&#225;c thu l&#432;&#7907;m t&#7915; s&#7921; chia s&#7867; th&#234;m t&#7915; c&#225;c chuy&#234;n gia. C&#225; nh&#226;n t&#244;i cho r&#7857;ng n&#243; c&#243; r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u &#253; ngh&#297;a gi&#250;p &#237;ch r&#7845;t t&#7889;t cho nh&#7919;ng ai l&#224;m kh&#7903;i nghi&#7879;p v&#224; c&#225;c nh&#224; qu&#7843;n l&#253; doanh nghi&#7879;p.</p><p>H&#244;m nay, t&#7915; nh&#7919;ng hi&#7875;u bi&#7871;t c&#7911;a m&#236;nh, tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m th&#7921;c t&#7915; kh&#7903;i nghi&#7879;p, T&#244;i t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p v&#224; &#273;&#250;c k&#7871;t l&#7841;i 5 tr&#7909; c&#7897;t n&#224;y m&#7897;t c&#225;ch kh&#225;i qu&#225;t v&#224; d&#7877; hi&#7875;u nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7875; c&#225;c b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; hi&#7875;u th&#234;m v&#224; hy v&#7885;ng ph&#7847;n n&#224;o &#273;&#243; gi&#250;p &#237;ch &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#225;c b&#7841;n tr&#234;n con &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng kh&#7903;i nghi&#7879;p v&#224; qu&#7843;n l&#253; doanh nghi&#7879;p c&#7911;a m&#236;nh. &#272;&#7889;i v&#7899;i t&#244;i 5 tr&#7909; c&#7897;t n&#224;y nh&#432; l&#224; "Ng&#361; h&#224;nh trong kh&#7903;i nghi&#7879;p".</p><p><em>5 tr&#7909; c&#7897;t &#273;&#225;ng gi&#225; d&#224;nh cho kh&#7903;i nghi&#7879;p:&nbsp;<strong>"&#272;&#7841;o - Thi&#234;n - &#272;&#7883;a - Nh&#226;n - Ph&#225;p"</strong></em></p><h3>1. &#272;&#7841;o</h3><p>&#272;&#7841;o &#7903; &#273;&#226;y c&#243; th&#7875; hi&#7875;u l&#224; tri&#7871;t l&#253;, s&#7913; m&#7879;nh t&#7891;n t&#7841;i c&#7911;a doanh nghi&#7879;p, big picture. M&#7897;t doanh nghi&#7879;p m&#224; kh&#244;ng c&#243; s&#7913; m&#7879;nh v&#224; tri&#7871;t l&#253; c&#7911;a m&#236;nh th&#236; e r&#7857;ng s&#7869; r&#7845;t kh&#243; c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;i xa &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. &#272;&#7841;o n&#243; nh&#432; l&#224; m&#7897;t th&#7913; g&#7855;n k&#7871;t t&#7845;t c&#7843; m&#7885;i th&#7913; t&#7915; nguy&#234;n t&#7855;c qu&#7843;n tr&#7883;, t&#432; t&#432;&#7903;ng, t&#7847;m nh&#236;n, tri&#7871;t l&#253; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m, tri&#7871;t l&#253; kinh doanh. N&#243; l&#224; &#273;&#7913;c tin v&#224; kh&#225;t v&#7885;ng h&#432;&#7899;ng t&#7899;i c&#7911;a doanh nghi&#7879;p, nh&#224; s&#225;ng l&#7853;p ph&#7843;i l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#7845;m nhu&#7847;n v&#224; c&#243; &#273;&#7913;c tin cao nh&#7845;t v&#7873; &#272;&#7841;o m&#224; m&#236;nh theo &#273;u&#7893;i, anh ta c&#361;ng s&#7869; ph&#7843;i l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i truy&#7873;n &#273;&#7841;o t&#7889;t nh&#7845;t t&#7899;i t&#7845;t c&#7843; m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i, nh&#7845;t th&#7843;y c&#225;c nh&#224; &#273;&#7891;ng s&#225;ng l&#7853;p v&#224; key persons s&#7869; ph&#7843;i c&#243; chung &#273;&#7913;c tin v&#224;o &#272;&#7841;o &#273;&#243;. B&#7841;n s&#7869; kh&#244;ng th&#7875; l&#227;nh &#273;&#7841;o, truy&#7873;n l&#7917;a, d&#7851;n d&#7855;t m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i theo doanh nghi&#7879;p kh&#7903;i nghi&#7879;p c&#7911;a m&#236;nh n&#7871;u nh&#432; h&#7885; kh&#244;ng tin v&#224;o s&#7913; m&#7879;nh v&#224; kh&#225;t v&#7885;ng t&#7897;t c&#249;ng c&#7911;a startup &#273;&#243;, kh&#244;ng c&#243; n&#243; ch&#250;ng ta d&#7877; b&#7887; cu&#7897;c, kh&#244;ng c&#243; n&#243; anh em co-fouder d&#7877; l&#7841;c l&#7889;i, kh&#244;ng c&#243; n&#243; ch&#250;ng ta kh&#244;ng t&#7853;p h&#7907;p &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh &#273;o&#224;n k&#7871;t t&#7893;ng th&#7875; v&#224; kh&#244;ng c&#243; n&#243; doanh nghi&#7879;p kh&#244;ng c&#243; l&#253; do &#273;&#7875; t&#7891;n t&#7841;i.</p><h3>2. Thi&#234;n</h3><p>Thi&#234;n &#7903; &#273;&#226;y c&#243; th&#7875; hi&#7875;u nh&#432; thi&#234;n th&#7901;i, th&#7901;i c&#417;, c&#417; h&#7897;i th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng. N&#7871;u b&#7841;n kh&#7903;i nghi&#7879;p &#273;&#250;ng v&#224;o th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m v&#224;ng c&#7911;a th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng th&#236; &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&#243; &#273;&#227; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n d&#7877; th&#224;nh c&#244;ng h&#417;n ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#225;c r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u r&#7891;i. &nbsp;VD nh&#7919;ng ai kh&#7903;i nghi&#7879;p trong ng&#224;nh Mobile Internet t&#7915; 2012 theo t&#244;i s&#7869; c&#243; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7919; Thi&#234;n, th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng Mobile Internet th&#7921;c s&#7921; b&#249;ng n&#7893; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u t&#7915; 2012 v&#224; ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng n&#243;ng trong nhi&#7873;u n&#259;m t&#7899;i. H&#224;ng tr&#259;m m&#244; h&#236;nh truy&#7873;n th&#7889;ng &#273;&#7873;u c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c&nbsp;<strong>"gi&#7843;i l&#7841;i"</strong>&nbsp;v&#7899;i t&#432; duy v&#224; ph&#432;&#417;ng th&#7913;c m&#7899;i nh&#7901; cu&#7897;c c&#225;ch m&#7841;ng c&#244;ng ngh&#7879;. Uber l&#224; &#273;i&#7875;n h&#236;nh c&#7911;a vi&#7879;c &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng s&#7921; v&#432;&#7907;t tr&#7897;i c&#7911;a c&#244;ng ngh&#7879; gi&#7843;i l&#7841;i b&#224;i to&#225;n v&#7853;n chuy&#7875;n ng&#432;&#7901;i, m&#7897;t m&#244; h&#236;nh d&#7921;a tr&#234;n sharing economy gi&#250;p huy &#273;&#7897;ng m&#7885;i ngu&#7891;n l&#7921;c nh&#224;n r&#7895;i c&#7911;a x&#227; h&#7897;i v&#224; c&#7855;t &#273;i m&#7885;i chi ph&#237; d&#432; th&#7915;a &#273;&#7875; ng&#432;&#7901;i ti&#234;u d&#249;ng h&#432;&#7903;ng l&#7907;i v&#224; c&#243; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng scale l&#7899;n, linh ho&#7841;t v&#224; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;i&#7873;u h&#224;nh v&#244; c&#249;ng th&#244;ng m&#236;nh nh&#7901; v&#224;o ML &amp; Data-driven. V&#7853;y n&#234;n n&#243; kh&#244;ng gi&#7871;t ch&#7871;t ng&#224;nh v&#7853;n t&#7843;i ng&#432;&#7901;i truy&#7873;n th&#7889;ng m&#7899;i l&#224; l&#7841;. Mai Linh v&#224; c&#225;c h&#227;ng taxi t&#7841;i Vi&#7879;t Nam c&#243; c&#7889; g&#7855;ng &#273;&#7871;n m&#7845;y th&#236; s&#7921; c&#7891;ng k&#7873;nh, thi&#7871;u &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng c&#244;ng ngh&#7879; c&#249;ng v&#7899;i h&#7879; t&#432; t&#432;&#7903;ng c&#361; k&#7929; v&#224; th&#243;i quen c&#361;, s&#7869; kh&#244;ng th&#7875; tho&#225;t kh&#7887;i cu&#7897;c l&#7853;t &#273;&#7893; n&#224;y. Th&#225;ng 10-2013, T&#244;i c&#243; d&#7883;p &#273;i l&#7841;i b&#7857;ng Uber v&#224; Lyft (d&#7883;ch v&#7909; t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; Uber) &#7903;&nbsp;San Francisco, b&#7841;n t&#224;i x&#7871; &#273;&#227; n&#243;i v&#7899;i t&#244;i r&#7857;ng:&nbsp;<em><strong>I'm a taxi killer</strong></em>. N&#243; &#273;&#227; x&#7843;y ra t&#7841;i M&#7929; v&#224; gi&#7901; s&#7869; l&#224; Vi&#7879;t Nam.</p><h3>3. &#272;&#7883;a</h3><p>&#272;&#7883;a &#7903; &#273;&#226;y c&#243; th&#7875; hi&#7875;u l&#224; m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng kinh doanh, quan h&#7879; b&#7841;n h&#224;ng, &#273;&#7889;i t&#225;c, nh&#224; &#273;&#7847;u t&#432;, quan h&#7879; &#273;&#7883;a ch&#237;nh tr&#7883;, m&#7841;ng l&#432;&#7899;i trong ng&#224;nh, t&#224;i ch&#237;nh, ki&#7871;n th&#7913;c, ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng, h&#7841; t&#7847;ng, ch&#237;nh s&#225;ch, .... Khi b&#7841;n hi&#7875;u v&#224; t&#237;ch lu&#7929; t&#7889;t ki&#7871;n th&#7913;c, ti&#7873;n b&#7841;c, quan h&#7879; v&#224; th&#7921;c s&#7921; chuy&#234;n s&#226;u trong l&#297;nh v&#7921;c b&#7841;n &#273;ang &#273;&#7883;nh kh&#7903;i nghi&#7879;p (ki&#7875;u nh&#432; b&#7841;n l&#224;m vi&#7879;c li&#234;n t&#7909;c trong l&#297;nh v&#7921;c &#273;&#243; 10 ng&#224;n gi&#7901; - nguy&#234;n l&#253; 10 ng&#224;n gi&#7901; bay) th&#236; l&#250;c &#273;&#243; m&#7897;t c&#225;ch t&#7921; nhi&#234;n b&#7841;n s&#7869; c&#7843;m nh&#7853;n s&#7921; s&#225;ng t&#7841;o v&#224; &#273;&#7897;t ph&#225; trong kh&#7903;i nghi&#7879;p b&#7841;n s&#7869; &#273;&#7883;nh l&#224;m. Mong mu&#7889;n t&#7897;t c&#249;ng, s&#7921; quy&#7871;t t&#226;m l&#224;m &#273;&#7871;n c&#249;ng &#273;&#7875; bi&#7871;n mong mu&#7889;n th&#224;nh hi&#7879;n th&#7921;c v&#224; m&#7897;t &#253; t&#432;&#7903;ng th&#7921;c s&#7921; s&#225;ng t&#7841;o s&#7869; th&#7921;c s&#7921; quan tr&#7885;ng v&#7899;i th&#224;nh c&#244;ng c&#7911;a b&#7841;n. B&#7841;n s&#7869; c&#7843;m th&#7845;y r&#7857;ng nh&#432; th&#7875; b&#7841;n sinh ra &#273;&#7875; l&#224;m &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&#243;, n&#7871;u kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; b&#7841;n th&#236; s&#7869; kh&#244;ng th&#7875; l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#225;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. Nh&#432; th&#7875; th&#432;&#7907;ng &#273;&#7871; ch&#7885;n b&#7841;n, b&#7841;n tr&#7903; th&#224;nh&nbsp;<em><strong>chosen people</strong></em>, m&#7885;i ngu&#7891;n l&#7921;c xung quanh s&#7869; t&#7921; nhi&#234;n h&#7895; tr&#7907; b&#7841;n, truy&#7873;n th&#244;ng n&#243;i v&#7873; b&#7841;n m&#7897;t c&#225;ch t&#7921; nhi&#234;n, nh&#224; &#273;&#7847;u t&#432; b&#7887; ti&#7873;n cho b&#7841;n, nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i gi&#7887;i t&#236;m &#273;&#7871;n b&#7841;n, .... L&#224;m sao m&#7897;t startup l&#7841;i c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y? &#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y s&#7869; &#273;&#7871;n v&#7899;i b&#7841;n khi b&#7841;n s&#7861;n s&#224;ng! N&#243; th&#7921;c s&#7921; r&#7845;t kh&#243; hi&#7875;u v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng ai ch&#432;a s&#7861;n s&#224;ng.</p><h3>4. Nh&#226;n</h3><p>Nh&#226;n &#7903; &#273;&#226;y hi&#7875;u l&#224; nh&#7919;ng g&#236; li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n con ng&#432;&#7901;i. C&#243; th&#7875; l&#224; &#273;&#7897;i ng&#361; c&#249;ng kh&#7903;i nghi&#7879;p, &#273;&#7841;o &#273;&#7913;c, .... B&#7841;n kh&#244;ng th&#7875; t&#7921; m&#236;nh l&#224;m t&#7845;t c&#7843;, v&#224; c&#224;ng kh&#244;ng th&#7875; &#273;i xa ch&#7881; v&#7899;i m&#7897;t m&#236;nh m&#236;nh. Ng&#432;&#7901;i ta th&#432;&#7901;ng b&#7843;o "Mu&#7889;n &#273;i nhanh th&#236; &#273;i m&#7897;t m&#236;nh, C&#242;n mu&#7889;n &#273;i xa th&#236; c&#7847;n &#273;&#7891;ng &#273;&#7897;i". Nh&#236;n &#7903; m&#7897;t g&#243;c c&#7841;nh kh&#225;c th&#7921;c d&#7909;ng h&#417;n th&#236; ch&#250;ng ta n&#234;n hi&#7875;u m&#7895;i con ng&#432;&#7901;i s&#7869; m&#7841;nh m&#7897;t th&#7913;, m&#224; doanh nghi&#7879;p th&#236; l&#7841;i c&#7847;n nhi&#7873;u ch&#7845;t (chuy&#234;n m&#244;n) &#273;&#7875; t&#7891;n t&#7841;i v&#224; th&#224;nh c&#244;ng. B&#7841;n kh&#244;ng nh&#7845;t thi&#7871;t ph&#7843;i l&#224;m t&#7845;t c&#7843; m&#7885;i vi&#7879;c th&#236; m&#7899;i t&#7889;t, th&#7853;m ch&#237; b&#7841;n ch&#7881; c&#7847;n l&#224; m&#7897;t nh&#224; l&#227;nh &#273;&#7841;o t&#7889;t &#273;&#227; l&#224; &#273;&#7911;. Ch&#7845;p nh&#7853;n kh&#7903;i nghi&#7879;p l&#224; ch&#7845;p nh&#7853;n r&#7911;i ro, l&#224; ph&#7843;i th&#224;nh c&#244;ng t&#7915; ch&#7859;ng c&#243; g&#236;, kh&#243; nh&#432; l&#234;n gi&#7901;i. V&#7853;y n&#234;n n&#7871;u b&#7841;n mu&#7889;n thuy&#7871;t ph&#7909;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i tham gia c&#249;ng v&#224; tin tuy&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i v&#224;o b&#7841;n (l&#250;c n&#224;y b&#7841;n &#273;ang rao b&#225;n ch&#237;nh m&#236;nh), th&#236; b&#7841;n c&#7847;n c&#243; &#272;&#7841;o (&#7903; tr&#234;n) v&#224; l&#224; m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i truy&#7873;n &#273;&#7841;o t&#7889;t, nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i theo b&#7841;n c&#7847;n tuy&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i tin t&#432;&#7903;ng v&#224;o th&#7913; m&#224; c&#225;c b&#7841;n &#273;ang theo &#273;u&#7893;i, v&#224; truy&#7873;n cho h&#7885; m&#7897;t ni&#7873;m tin tuy&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i l&#224; ch&#250;ng ta c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c n&#243;.&nbsp;C&#7921;u &#273;&#7879; nh&#7845;t phu nh&#226;n M&#7929; Eleanor Roosevelt &#273;&#227; t&#7915;ng n&#243;i:&nbsp;<em>&#8220;Nh&#224; l&#227;nh &#273;&#7841;o t&#7889;t bi&#7871;t truy&#7873;n c&#7843;m h&#7913;ng cho ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#225;c &#273;&#7875; h&#7885; tin v&#224;o nh&#224; l&#227;nh &#273;&#7841;o. Nh&#432;ng nh&#224; l&#227;nh &#273;&#7841;o xu&#7845;t s&#7855;c s&#7869; bi&#7871;t truy&#7873;n c&#7843;m h&#7913;ng cho ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#225;c &#273;&#7875; h&#7885; tin v&#224;o ch&#237;nh b&#7843;n th&#226;n h&#7885;&#8221;</em>.</p><h3>5. Ph&#225;p</h3><p>Ph&#225;p c&#243; th&#7875; hi&#7875;u l&#224; ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p, tr&#7853;n ph&#225;p, chi&#7871;n thu&#7853;t, ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p qu&#7843;n tr&#7883;. V&#7899;i b&#234;n trong, n&#243; l&#224; h&#7879; th&#7889;ng qu&#7843;n tr&#7883; v&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u h&#224;nh n&#7897;i b&#7897;, n&#243; l&#224; v&#259;n h&#243;a, l&#224; c&#225;ch th&#7913;c t&#7893; ch&#7913;c h&#224;nh x&#7917; v&#224; giao ti&#7871;p n&#7897;i b&#7897;, l&#224; b&#7897; nguy&#234;n t&#7855;c &#273;&#7875; doanh nghi&#7879;p ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng &#273;&#7847;y h&#7913;ng kh&#7903;i, s&#225;ng t&#7841;o v&#224; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843;. V&#7899;i b&#234;n ngo&#224;i, n&#243; l&#224; chi&#7871;n thu&#7853;t ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng, tr&#7853;n ph&#225;p gi&#250;p c&#7841;nh tranh v&#224; chi&#7871;n th&#7855;ng &#273;&#7889;i th&#7911;, l&#224; v&#7883; th&#7871; c&#7911;a doanh nghi&#7879;p tr&#234;n th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng. Ph&#225;p ph&#7843;i b&#7845;t bi&#7871;n d&#7921;a tr&#234;n&nbsp;<strong>&#272;&#7841;o</strong>, bi&#7871;n h&#243;a theo&nbsp;<strong>Thi&#234;n</strong>&nbsp;v&#224;&nbsp;<strong>&#272;&#7883;a</strong>, h&#224;i h&#242;a theo&nbsp;<strong>Nh&#226;n</strong>. Ph&#225;p l&#224; ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p tuy&#7879;t di&#7879;u &#273;&#7875; k&#7871;t n&#7889;i m&#7885;i th&#7913; l&#7841;i th&#224;nh m&#7897;t th&#7875; th&#7889;ng nh&#7845;t kh&#244;ng th&#7875; ph&#225; v&#7905; gi&#250;p doanh nghi&#7879;p m&#7841;nh trong t&#7845;n c&#244;ng, linh ho&#7841;t v&#224; h&#224;i h&#242;a trong ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng h&#224;ng ng&#224;y, v&#7919;ng ch&#7855;c trong ph&#242;ng th&#7911;, ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n b&#7873;n v&#7919;ng v&#224; tr&#432;&#7901;ng t&#7891;n.</p><p>&#272;&#7885;c &#273;&#7871;n &#273;&#226;y th&#236; c&#361;ng to&#225;t m&#7891; h&#244;i h&#7897;t, nghe th&#236; c&#243; v&#7867; kinh th&#7871; th&#244;i ch&#7913; ch&#7859;ng ai kh&#7903;i nghi&#7879;p c&#243; &#273;&#7911; nh&#7919;ng c&#225;i tr&#234;n &#273;&#226;u. T&#244;i kh&#7903;i nghi&#7879;p &#273;&#7871;n b&#226;y gi&#7901; c&#361;ng b&#7847;m d&#7853;p ng&#432;&#7901;i, m&#7885;i th&#7913; n&#243;i ra &#7903; tr&#234;n &#273;&#7873;u ch&#7881; &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#7903; m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; n&#224;o &#273;&#243;. T&#244;i vi&#7871;t ra &#7903; &#273;&#226;y l&#224; mong mu&#7889;n c&#225;c b&#7841;n h&#227;y l&#432;u &#253; v&#224; x&#226;y d&#7921;ng d&#7847;n n&#243; trong su&#7889;t qu&#225; tr&#236;nh kh&#7903;i nghi&#7879;p. H&#227;y kh&#7903;i nghi&#7879;p th&#244;ng minh v&#224; s&#225;ng t&#7841;o ch&#7913; &#273;&#7915;ng kh&#7903;i s&#7921; m&#7897;t doanh nghi&#7879;p!</p><p>Ch&#7843; bi&#7871;t c&#243; gi&#250;p &#237;ch &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#236; c&#225;c b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng nh&#432;ng vi&#7871;t th&#7917; b&#224;i &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n c&#361;ng m&#7845;t th&#7901;i gian ph&#7871;t :).</p><p><em><strong>"T&#236;m &#273;&#250;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i, h&#7887;i &#273;&#250;ng chuy&#7879;n, l&#224;m &#273;&#250;ng vi&#7879;c!"</strong></em></p><p>C&#7853;p nh&#7853;t ng&#224;y 14/07/2016.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[TÀI CHÍNH QUẢN TRỊ CHO KHỞI NGHIỆP]]></title><description><![CDATA[Sau nhi&#7873;u n&#259;m kh&#7903;i nghi&#7879;p, tr&#7843;i qua &#273;&#7911; lo&#7841;i th&#259;ng tr&#7847;m, s&#432;&#7899;ng kh&#7893;, cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng c&#361;ng s&#7889;ng s&#243;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7899;i t&#7853;n b&#226;y gi&#7901;. C&#243; m&#7897;t th&#7913; &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i t&#244;i n&#243; impact r&#7845;t l&#7899;n t&#7899;i s&#7921; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n v&#224; t&#237;nh &#7893;n &#273;&#7883;nh c&#7911;a startups, &#273;&#243; ch&#237;nh l&#224; t&#224;i ch&#237;nh qu&#7843;n tr&#7883;, m&#7897;t th&#7913; gi&#250;p cho c&#225;c nh&#224; qu&#7843;n tr&#7883; n&#7855;m b&#7855;t r&#7845;t nhanh ch&#243;ng t&#236;nh h&#236;nh t&#224;i ch&#237;nh c&#7911;a doanh nghi&#7879;p. Ch&#250;ng t&#244;i &#253; th&#7913;c r&#7845;t r&#245; vi&#7879;c n&#224;y quan tr&#7885;ng nh&#432; n&#224;o &#273;&#7871;n s&#7921; t&#7891;n t&#7841;i c&#7911;a startup n&#234;n ngay t&#7915; ng&#224;y &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n kh&#7903;i nghi&#7879;p &#273;&#227; c&#243; &#253; th&#7913;c r&#7845;t nghi&#234;m t&#250;c trong t&#224;i ch&#237;nh qu&#7843;n tr&#7883; c&#7847;n c&#243; (VD nh&#432; kh&#244;ng m&#7897;t th&#225;ng n&#224;o ch&#250;ng t&#244;i kh&#244;ng c&#243; k&#7871; ho&#7841;ch v&#224; b&#225;o c&#225;o d&#242;ng ti&#7873;n).]]></description><link>https://trananhdung.com/p/tai-chinh-quan-tri-cho-khoi-nghiep</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://trananhdung.com/p/tai-chinh-quan-tri-cho-khoi-nghiep</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Trần Anh Dũng]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 15 Aug 2023 06:24:26 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c7e5eb8-b9d1-4e66-a465-989e199e0abc_3200x1300.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Sau nhi&#7873;u n&#259;m kh&#7903;i nghi&#7879;p, tr&#7843;i qua &#273;&#7911; lo&#7841;i th&#259;ng tr&#7847;m, s&#432;&#7899;ng kh&#7893;, cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng c&#361;ng s&#7889;ng s&#243;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7899;i t&#7853;n b&#226;y gi&#7901;. C&#243; m&#7897;t th&#7913; &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i t&#244;i n&#243; impact r&#7845;t l&#7899;n t&#7899;i s&#7921; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n v&#224; t&#237;nh &#7893;n &#273;&#7883;nh c&#7911;a startups, &#273;&#243; ch&#237;nh l&#224; t&#224;i ch&#237;nh qu&#7843;n tr&#7883;, m&#7897;t th&#7913; gi&#250;p cho c&#225;c nh&#224; qu&#7843;n tr&#7883; n&#7855;m b&#7855;t r&#7845;t nhanh ch&#243;ng t&#236;nh h&#236;nh t&#224;i ch&#237;nh c&#7911;a doanh nghi&#7879;p. Ch&#250;ng t&#244;i &#253; th&#7913;c r&#7845;t r&#245; vi&#7879;c n&#224;y quan tr&#7885;ng nh&#432; n&#224;o &#273;&#7871;n s&#7921; t&#7891;n t&#7841;i c&#7911;a startup n&#234;n ngay t&#7915; ng&#224;y &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n kh&#7903;i nghi&#7879;p &#273;&#227; c&#243; &#253; th&#7913;c r&#7845;t nghi&#234;m t&#250;c trong t&#224;i ch&#237;nh qu&#7843;n tr&#7883; c&#7847;n c&#243; (VD nh&#432; kh&#244;ng m&#7897;t th&#225;ng n&#224;o ch&#250;ng t&#244;i kh&#244;ng c&#243; k&#7871; ho&#7841;ch v&#224; b&#225;o c&#225;o d&#242;ng ti&#7873;n).</p><p>T&#244;i bi&#7871;t r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u startup &#273;&#227; l&#7853;p k&#7871; ho&#7841;ch &#273;&#7875; ch&#7871;t ngay t&#7915; ng&#224;y &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n khi xem th&#432;&#7901;ng vi&#7879;c n&#224;y. T&#244;i ngh&#297; r&#7857;ng c&#7847;n c&#243; tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m chia s&#7867; vi&#7879;c n&#224;y v&#7899;i c&#225;c b&#7841;n startups, vi&#7879;c chia s&#7867; n&#224;y ho&#224;n to&#224;n t&#7915; quan &#273;i&#7875;m c&#225; nh&#226;n, xu&#7845;t ph&#225;t t&#7915; m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;ang l&#224;m kh&#7903;i nghi&#7879;p, &#273;ang tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m h&#224;ng ng&#224;y nh&#7919;ng v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n t&#224;i ch&#237;nh n&#224;y v&#224; t&#244;i kh&#244;ng c&#242;n th&#7845;y s&#7907; n&#243; n&#7919;a m&#224; ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i th&#7845;y n&#243; v&#244; c&#249;ng vi di&#7879;u, v&#224; T&#244;i c&#361;ng xin nh&#7845;n m&#7841;nh tr&#432;&#7899;c, &#273;&#226;y kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; chia s&#7867; c&#7911;a m&#7897;t chuy&#234;n gia t&#224;i ch&#237;nh l&#227;o luy&#7879;n m&#224; l&#224; chia s&#7867; c&#7911;a m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;ang qu&#7843;n tr&#7883; v&#224; v&#7853;n h&#224;nh m&#7897;t startup 250 ng&#432;&#7901;i v&#7899;i nhi&#7873;u m&#244; h&#236;nh kinh doanh kh&#225;c nhau. Hy v&#7885;ng n&#243; s&#7869; gi&#250;p c&#225;c b&#7841;n hi&#7875;u s&#417; b&#7897; v&#7873; t&#224;i ch&#237;nh qu&#7843;n tr&#7883; v&#224; &#225;p d&#7909;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c n&#243; v&#224;o doanh nghi&#7879;p c&#7911;a m&#236;nh.</p><h2>&#272;&#7847;u ti&#234;n l&#224; &#273;&#7883;nh ngh&#297;a c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883;</h2><p><strong>Profit</strong>&nbsp;(L&#7907;i nhu&#7853;n): kinh doanh l&#224; m&#7897;t qu&#225; tr&#236;nh l&#7863;p &#273;i l&#7863;p l&#7841;i nh&#7857;m thu &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i c&#225;c l&#7907;i &#237;ch cho ch&#7911; s&#7903; h&#7919;u (l&#7907;i nhu&#7853;n) b&#7857;ng vi&#7879;c ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m/d&#7883;ch v&#7909; &#273;&#7871;n tay kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng.</p><blockquote><p>No Margin, No Mission - Stephen Covey</p></blockquote><p><strong>Cash</strong>&nbsp;(Ti&#7873;n m&#7863;t)</p><p>Ti&#7873;n m&#7863;t v&#224; l&#7907;i nhu&#7853;n l&#224; hai th&#7913; kh&#225;c nhau. Ngay c&#7843; m&#7897;t doanh nghi&#7879;p c&#243; l&#227;i c&#243; th&#7875; h&#7871;t ti&#7873;n. Ti&#7873;n nh&#432; l&#224; m&#225;u trong c&#417; th&#7875;, h&#7871;t ti&#7873;n c&#417; th&#7875; c&#7911;a business ng&#7915;ng m&#7885;i ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng. &#7902; &#273;&#7901;i ti&#7873;n kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; t&#7845;t c&#7843; nh&#432;ng ti&#7873;n r&#7845;t quan tr&#7885;ng ;)</p><blockquote><p>No cash = a business standstill</p></blockquote><p><strong>Sustainability</strong>&nbsp;(T&#237;nh b&#7873;n v&#7919;ng)</p><p>Vi&#7879;c ch&#250;ng ta c&#243; &#273;i xa &#273;&#432;&#7907;c hay kh&#244;ng ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u v&#224;o t&#237;nh b&#7873;n v&#7919;ng c&#7911;a m&#244; h&#236;nh, t&#7893; ch&#7913;c, con ng&#432;&#7901;i. X&#226;y d&#7921;ng m&#7897;t doanh nghi&#7879;p ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n b&#7873;n v&#7919;ng r&#7845;t kh&#225;c &amp; kh&#243;.</p><p><strong>Growth</strong>&nbsp;(T&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng)</p><p>M&#7897;t business th&#224;nh c&#244;ng hay kh&#244;ng ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c v&#224;o kh&#7843; n&#259;ng s&#225;ng t&#7841;o, thay &#273;&#7893;i v&#224; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n. Thi&#7871;u s&#7921; linh ho&#7841;t trong th&#7901;i &#273;&#7841;i n&#224;y c&#361;ng &#273;&#7891;ng ngh&#297;a v&#7899;i c&#225;t b&#7909;i.</p><blockquote><p>Growth is the revenue!</p></blockquote><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; 4 nh&#226;n t&#7889; ch&#237;nh m&#224; ch&#7911; doanh nghi&#7879;p v&#224; c&#225;c nh&#224; &#273;&#7847;u t&#432; hay quan t&#226;m trong qu&#225; tr&#236;nh theo d&#245;i s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e c&#7911;a doanh nghi&#7879;p.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rKyf!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdfbf1db8-96cd-49c9-953a-062209f01898_3200x1608.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" 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src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rKyf!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdfbf1db8-96cd-49c9-953a-062209f01898_3200x1608.jpeg" width="1456" height="732" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/dfbf1db8-96cd-49c9-953a-062209f01898_3200x1608.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:732,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:983308,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rKyf!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdfbf1db8-96cd-49c9-953a-062209f01898_3200x1608.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rKyf!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdfbf1db8-96cd-49c9-953a-062209f01898_3200x1608.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rKyf!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdfbf1db8-96cd-49c9-953a-062209f01898_3200x1608.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rKyf!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdfbf1db8-96cd-49c9-953a-062209f01898_3200x1608.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>Nh&#7919;ng nh&#226;n t&#7889; ch&#237;nh c&#7847;n quan t&#226;m</em></figcaption></figure></div><h2>T&#7841;o d&#7921;ng c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883;</h2><p>Nh&#236;n v&#224;o h&#236;nh b&#234;n d&#432;&#7899;i ta c&#243; th&#7875; h&#236;nh dung c&#225;c doanh nghi&#7879;p th&#432;&#7901;ng c&#7847;n t&#7853;p trung t&#7841;o ra c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; g&#236; cho kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng c&#7911;a m&#236;nh: T&#237;nh s&#225;ng t&#7841;o, ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng, d&#7883;ch v&#7909;, t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897;/gi&#225; c&#7843;, &#273;&#7897;c nh&#7845;t, t&#7889;i &#432;u theo t&#7915;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FZcW!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c7e5eb8-b9d1-4e66-a465-989e199e0abc_3200x1300.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FZcW!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c7e5eb8-b9d1-4e66-a465-989e199e0abc_3200x1300.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FZcW!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c7e5eb8-b9d1-4e66-a465-989e199e0abc_3200x1300.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FZcW!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c7e5eb8-b9d1-4e66-a465-989e199e0abc_3200x1300.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FZcW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c7e5eb8-b9d1-4e66-a465-989e199e0abc_3200x1300.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FZcW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c7e5eb8-b9d1-4e66-a465-989e199e0abc_3200x1300.jpeg" width="1456" height="592" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/8c7e5eb8-b9d1-4e66-a465-989e199e0abc_3200x1300.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:592,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:916618,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FZcW!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c7e5eb8-b9d1-4e66-a465-989e199e0abc_3200x1300.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FZcW!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c7e5eb8-b9d1-4e66-a465-989e199e0abc_3200x1300.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FZcW!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c7e5eb8-b9d1-4e66-a465-989e199e0abc_3200x1300.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FZcW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c7e5eb8-b9d1-4e66-a465-989e199e0abc_3200x1300.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>C&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7841;o ra cho kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng</em></figcaption></figure></div><h2>T&#7889;i &#273;a h&#243;a gi&#225; tr&#7883;</h2><p>M&#7897;t c&#244;ng ty th&#224;nh c&#244;ng s&#7869; t&#7841;o ra nhi&#7873;u gi&#225; tr&#7883; v&#7899;i to&#224;n b&#7897; th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng:</p><ul><li><p>T&#7841;o nhi&#7873;u c&#244;ng &#259;n vi&#7879;c l&#224;m v&#7899;i thu nh&#7853;p t&#7889;t h&#417;n</p></li><li><p>Nh&#224; cung c&#7845;p cung c&#7845;p &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nhi&#7873;u h&#224;ng h&#243;a h&#417;n</p></li><li><p>Nh&#224; &#273;&#7847;u t&#432; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c chia nhi&#7873;u c&#7893; t&#7913;c h&#417;n</p></li><li><p>&#272;&#243;ng thu&#7871; nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n, n&#7873;n kinh t&#7871; s&#7869; c&#243; nhi&#7873;u ti&#7873;n h&#417;n</p></li></ul><p>M&#7895;i m&#7897;t doanh nghi&#7879;p th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n m&#7897;t quy tr&#236;nh t&#7841;o d&#7921;ng v&#224; ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i gi&#225; tr&#7883; t&#7899;i kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng, &#273;&#7889;i t&#225;c, nh&#224; &#273;&#7847;u t&#432;, c&#7893; &#273;&#244;ng v&#224; x&#227; h&#7897;i l&#7863;p &#273;i l&#7863;p l&#7841;i nhi&#7873;u l&#7847;n.</p><blockquote><p>B&#7841;n c&#243; nh&#7919;ng g&#236;, v&#224; b&#7841;n s&#7903; h&#7919;u nh&#7919;ng g&#236;?</p></blockquote><p>Ch&#250;ng ta &#273;&#227; h&#236;nh dung v&#7873; c&#225;c nh&#226;n t&#7889; quan tr&#7885;ng &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i m&#7897;t doanh nghi&#7879;p l&#224; l&#7907;i nhu&#7853;n, ti&#7873;n m&#7863;t, t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng v&#224; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n b&#7873;n v&#7919;ng. Ch&#250;ng ta c&#361;ng hi&#7875;u v&#224; c&#7847;n bi&#7871;t m&#7897;t doanh nghi&#7879;p s&#7869; l&#224;m th&#7871; n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; t&#7841;o ra c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883;. V&#7853;y, nh&#7919;ng ngu&#7891;n l&#7921;c n&#224;o m&#7897;t doanh nghi&#7879;p c&#243; th&#7875; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i nh&#7919;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; n&#224;y v&#224; chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n l&#224; g&#236;?</p><p>M&#7897;t s&#7889; t&#224;i ngu&#7891;n l&#7921;c b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; c&#243;:</p><ul><li><p>B&#7845;t &#273;&#7897;ng s&#7843;n</p></li><li><p>Ti&#7873;n m&#7863;t</p></li><li><p>M&#225;y m&#243;c, trang thi&#7871;t b&#7883;, c&#244;ng c&#7909; d&#7909;ng c&#7909;</p></li><li><p>H&#224;ng h&#243;a t&#7891;n kho</p></li><li><p>Con ng&#432;&#7901;i, tri th&#7913;c, v&#259;n h&#243;a</p></li><li><p>Ph&#225;t minh, s&#225;ng ch&#7871;, ...</p></li></ul><p>T&#7845;t c&#7843; nh&#7919;ng th&#7913; n&#224;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#7885;i l&#224; t&#224;i s&#7843;n (Assets). C&#243; 2 g&#243;c nh&#236;n v&#7873; t&#224;i s&#7843;n, &#273;&#243; l&#224;, b&#7841;n s&#7903; h&#7919;u nh&#7919;ng g&#236; v&#224; b&#7841;n n&#7907; nh&#7919;ng g&#236;?</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ufz8!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F898c7a78-56e4-463d-b0e4-2f2e635a9f63_3200x2396.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ufz8!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F898c7a78-56e4-463d-b0e4-2f2e635a9f63_3200x2396.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ufz8!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F898c7a78-56e4-463d-b0e4-2f2e635a9f63_3200x2396.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ufz8!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F898c7a78-56e4-463d-b0e4-2f2e635a9f63_3200x2396.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ufz8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F898c7a78-56e4-463d-b0e4-2f2e635a9f63_3200x2396.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ufz8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F898c7a78-56e4-463d-b0e4-2f2e635a9f63_3200x2396.jpeg" width="1456" height="1090" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/898c7a78-56e4-463d-b0e4-2f2e635a9f63_3200x2396.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1090,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1690345,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ufz8!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F898c7a78-56e4-463d-b0e4-2f2e635a9f63_3200x2396.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ufz8!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F898c7a78-56e4-463d-b0e4-2f2e635a9f63_3200x2396.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ufz8!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F898c7a78-56e4-463d-b0e4-2f2e635a9f63_3200x2396.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ufz8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F898c7a78-56e4-463d-b0e4-2f2e635a9f63_3200x2396.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>H&#236;nh m&#244; t&#7843; c&#225;c lo&#7841;i t&#224;i s&#7843;n doanh nghi&#7879;p c&#243; v&#224; n&#7907; ai</em></figcaption></figure></div><p>S&#7903; h&#7919;u l&#224; n&#243;i v&#7873; ngu&#7891;n g&#7889;c c&#7911;a ngu&#7891;n v&#7889;n, c&#242;n khi s&#7917; d&#7909;ng ngu&#7891;n v&#7889;n th&#236; ngu&#7891;n v&#7889;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#7909; th&#7875; h&#243;a d&#432;&#7899;i c&#225;c lo&#7841;i t&#224;i s&#7843;n nh&#432; li&#7879;t k&#234; &#7903; tr&#234;n.</p><p>Ta c&#243; th&#7875; nh&#7853;n th&#7845;y ngu&#7891;n v&#7889;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c huy &#273;&#7897;ng t&#7915; 2 ngu&#7891;n ch&#237;nh l&#224;: t&#7915; Ch&#7911; s&#7903; h&#7919;u (<strong>Owners) -</strong>&nbsp;&#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#7885;i l&#224; V&#7889;n ch&#7911; s&#7903; h&#7919;u (Owner's equity) ho&#7863;c t&#7915; c&#225;c Ch&#7911; n&#7907; (<strong>Creditors)</strong>&nbsp;(nh&#224; b&#259;ng, c&#225;c t&#7893; ch&#7913;c t&#237;n d&#7909;ng) - &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#7885;i l&#224; Kho&#7843;n ph&#7843;i tr&#7843; (Liability).</p><p><strong>C&#243; 2 lo&#7841;i n&#7907;:</strong></p><ul><li><p>N&#7907; ng&#7855;n h&#7841;n (short-term or current liabilities): N&#7907; ng&#7855;n h&#7841;n th&#432;&#7901;ng d&#249;ng cho m&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch &#273;&#7875; c&#226;n &#273;&#7889;i v&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u ti&#7871;t d&#242;ng ti&#7873;n h&#224;ng th&#225;ng/qu&#253;.</p></li><li><p>N&#7907; d&#224;i h&#7841;n (long-term liabilities) th&#432;&#7901;ng d&#249;ng cho c&#225;c m&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch ph&#7909;c v&#7909; t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng v&#224; m&#7903; r&#7897;ng nhanh h&#417;n, gia t&#259;ng t&#237;nh &#7893;n &#273;&#7883;nh v&#7899;i l&#227;i su&#7845;t th&#7845;p.</p></li></ul><p><strong>C&#243; 2 lo&#7841;i t&#224;i s&#7843;n:</strong></p><ul><li><p>T&#224;i s&#7843;n l&#432;u &#273;&#7897;ng (short-term or current assets): L&#224; c&#225;c lo&#7841;i t&#224;i s&#7843;n quay v&#242;ng nhanh v&#224; th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng h&#7871;t trong v&#242;ng 1 n&#259;m ho&#7863;c trong m&#7897;t chu k&#7923; kinh doanh d&#432;&#7899;i 1 n&#259;m. C&#225;c lo&#7841;i t&#224;i s&#7843;n l&#432;u &#273;&#7897;ng nh&#432;: Ti&#7873;n m&#7863;t, kho&#7843;n ph&#7843;i thu t&#7915; kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng, nguy&#234;n v&#7853;t li&#7879;u t&#7891;n kho, s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m th&#244;, &#8230;</p></li><li><p>T&#224;i s&#7843;n c&#7889; &#273;&#7883;nh (long-term or fixed assets): l&#224; t&#7845;t c&#7843; nh&#7919;ng t&#224;i s&#7843;n c&#7911;a doanh nghi&#7879;p c&#243; gi&#225; tr&#7883; l&#7899;n, c&#243; th&#7901;i gian s&#7917; d&#7909;ng, lu&#226;n chuy&#7875;n, thu h&#7891;i tr&#234;n 1 n&#259;m ho&#7863;c tr&#234;n 1 chu k&#7923; kinh doanh (n&#7871;u chu k&#7923; kinh doanh l&#7899;n h&#417;n ho&#7863;c b&#7857;ng 1 n&#259;m), ho&#7863;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c d&#249;ng v&#224;o nhi&#7873;u chu k&#7923; s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t, kinh doanh. C&#225;c lo&#7841;i t&#224;i s&#7843;n c&#7889; &#273;&#7883;nh nh&#432;: b&#7845;t &#273;&#7897;ng s&#7843;n, c&#225;c ph&#432;&#417;ng ti&#7879;n, c&#244;ng c&#7909;, d&#7909;ng c&#7909;, ...</p></li></ul><h2>The balanced sheet</h2><p>Ch&#250;ng ta v&#7915;a n&#243;i &#273;&#7871;n 3 kh&#225;i ni&#7879;m l&#224; T&#224;i s&#7843;n (<strong>Assets</strong>), Kho&#7843;n ph&#7843;i tr&#7843; (<strong>Liabilities</strong>) v&#224; V&#7889;n ch&#7911; s&#7903; h&#7919;u (Equity). Hi&#7875;u m&#7897;t c&#225;ch s&#226;u s&#7855;c c&#225;i n&#224;y th&#236; ta s&#7869; r&#7845;t d&#7877; hi&#7875;u m&#7897;t kh&#225;i ni&#7879;m ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n trong t&#224;i ch&#237;nh l&#224; B&#7843;ng c&#226;n &#273;&#7889;i k&#7871; to&#225;n (<strong>The balanced sheet</strong>).</p><blockquote><p>T&#7893;ng t&#224;i s&#7843;n = N&#7907; ph&#7843;i tr&#7843; + v&#7889;n ch&#7911; s&#7903; h&#7919;u.</p></blockquote><p>M&#7897;t v&#237; d&#7909; &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n v&#7873; balanced sheet c&#7911;a c&#225; nh&#226;n:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HQz4!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faaa420b3-dd99-4d8e-af35-805c51331a72_3200x1736.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HQz4!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faaa420b3-dd99-4d8e-af35-805c51331a72_3200x1736.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HQz4!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faaa420b3-dd99-4d8e-af35-805c51331a72_3200x1736.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HQz4!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faaa420b3-dd99-4d8e-af35-805c51331a72_3200x1736.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HQz4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faaa420b3-dd99-4d8e-af35-805c51331a72_3200x1736.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HQz4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faaa420b3-dd99-4d8e-af35-805c51331a72_3200x1736.jpeg" width="1456" height="790" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/aaa420b3-dd99-4d8e-af35-805c51331a72_3200x1736.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:790,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1181203,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HQz4!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faaa420b3-dd99-4d8e-af35-805c51331a72_3200x1736.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HQz4!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faaa420b3-dd99-4d8e-af35-805c51331a72_3200x1736.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HQz4!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faaa420b3-dd99-4d8e-af35-805c51331a72_3200x1736.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HQz4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faaa420b3-dd99-4d8e-af35-805c51331a72_3200x1736.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>V&#237; d&#7909; v&#7873; b&#7843;ng t&#224;i s&#7843;n c&#7911;a m&#7897;t c&#225; nh&#226;n</em></figcaption></figure></div><p>Nh&#236;n m&#7897;t c&#225;ch tr&#7921;c quan th&#236; r&#7845;t d&#7877; hi&#7875;u nh&#432; sau:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tFRU!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0abc8e7-dab0-4b12-bad8-764c6fcdd134_3200x1492.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tFRU!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0abc8e7-dab0-4b12-bad8-764c6fcdd134_3200x1492.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tFRU!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0abc8e7-dab0-4b12-bad8-764c6fcdd134_3200x1492.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tFRU!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0abc8e7-dab0-4b12-bad8-764c6fcdd134_3200x1492.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tFRU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0abc8e7-dab0-4b12-bad8-764c6fcdd134_3200x1492.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tFRU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0abc8e7-dab0-4b12-bad8-764c6fcdd134_3200x1492.jpeg" width="1456" height="679" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e0abc8e7-dab0-4b12-bad8-764c6fcdd134_3200x1492.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:679,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1154046,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tFRU!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0abc8e7-dab0-4b12-bad8-764c6fcdd134_3200x1492.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tFRU!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0abc8e7-dab0-4b12-bad8-764c6fcdd134_3200x1492.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tFRU!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0abc8e7-dab0-4b12-bad8-764c6fcdd134_3200x1492.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tFRU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0abc8e7-dab0-4b12-bad8-764c6fcdd134_3200x1492.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>H&#236;nh tr&#7921;c quan c&#7911;a b&#7843;ng m&#244; t&#7843; c&#225;i doanh nghi&#7879;p c&#243; v&#224; n&#7907;</em></figcaption></figure></div><p>Theo h&#236;nh tr&#234;n th&#236; h&#236;nh b&#234;n tr&#225;i s&#7869; cho th&#7845;y doanh nghi&#7879;p c&#243; g&#236;, t&#7891;n t&#7841;i d&#432;&#7899;i h&#236;nh th&#7913;c n&#224;o. H&#236;nh b&#234;n ph&#7843;i s&#7869; cho ta th&#7845;y doanh nghi&#7879;p &#273;ang s&#7903; h&#7919;u g&#236;, ph&#7847;n n&#224;o &#273;i m&#432;&#7907;n t&#7915; c&#225;c ch&#7911; n&#7907;, ph&#7847;n n&#224;o &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#243;p b&#7903;i ch&#7911; s&#7903; h&#7919;u.</p><p>T&#7893;ng ngu&#7891;n v&#7889;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#243;p t&#7915; c&#225;c ch&#7911; s&#7903; h&#7919;u v&#224; ngu&#7891;n v&#7889;n vay t&#7915; c&#225;c ch&#7911; n&#7907;, sau &#273;&#243; doanh nghi&#7879;p s&#7869; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng ngu&#7891;n v&#7889;n &#273;&#7875; sinh ra c&#225;c lo&#7841;i t&#224;i s&#7843;n. T&#7893;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; c&#7911;a c&#225;c lo&#7841;i t&#224;i s&#7843;n ph&#7843;i lu&#244;n &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o b&#7857;ng t&#7893;ng ngu&#7891;n v&#7889;n, &#273;&#226;y c&#361;ng l&#224; l&#253; do g&#7885;i l&#224; b&#7843;ng c&#226;n &#273;&#7889;i k&#7871; to&#225;n. Khi hai b&#234;n kh&#244;ng kh&#7899;p nhau t&#7913;c l&#224; s&#7893; s&#225;ch k&#7871; to&#225;n c&#243; v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; ho&#7863;c x&#7843;y ra th&#7845;t tho&#225;t &#7903; &#273;&#226;u &#273;&#243;.</p><p>&#272;&#7889;i v&#7899;i startup c&#244;ng ngh&#7879; th&#236; t&#224;i s&#7843;n th&#432;&#7901;ng g&#7891;m Ti&#7873;n m&#7863;t, kho&#7843;n ph&#7843;i thu kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng, h&#224;ng t&#7891;n kho (h&#224;ng h&#243;a &#273;i&#7879;n t&#7917; th&#236; g&#7847;n nh&#432; t&#7891;n kho = 0), s&#225;ng ch&#7871;, n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng c&#244;ng ngh&#7879;, d&#7919; li&#7879;u, trang thi&#7871;t b&#7883;, m&#225;y ch&#7911;,...</p><h2>The income statement (P&amp;L)</h2><p>&#7902; tr&#234;n ch&#250;ng ta n&#243;i &#273;&#7871;n doanh nghi&#7879;p s&#7903; h&#7919;u v&#224; n&#7907; nh&#7919;ng g&#236;? Gi&#7901; ch&#250;ng ta c&#7847;n hi&#7875;u m&#7897;t c&#225;ch r&#245; r&#224;ng l&#224; th&#7921;c t&#7871; doanh nghi&#7879;p &#273;ang ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng th&#7871; n&#224;o? Vi&#7879;c n&#224;y r&#7845;t quan tr&#7885;ng &#273;&#7875; n&#243;i r&#245; cho ch&#250;ng ta th&#7845;y l&#224; doanh nghi&#7879;p th&#7921;c t&#7871; &#273;ang ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng c&#243; l&#224;nh m&#7841;nh hay kh&#244;ng. M&#7897;t doanh nghi&#7879;p &#273;ang thua l&#7895; v&#224; &#273;&#7889;t ti&#7873;n kh&#244;ng c&#243; ngh&#297;a l&#224; n&#243; &#273;ang kh&#244;ng ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng t&#7889;t. The income statement s&#7869; ch&#7881; r&#245; cho ta th&#7845;y vi&#7879;c n&#224;y.</p><p><strong>M&#244; h&#236;nh tr&#7921;c quan c&#7911;a Income statement</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WbYz!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5f00050a-2a20-4ad0-9386-8f40d6694bb2_3200x2328.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WbYz!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5f00050a-2a20-4ad0-9386-8f40d6694bb2_3200x2328.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WbYz!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5f00050a-2a20-4ad0-9386-8f40d6694bb2_3200x2328.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WbYz!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5f00050a-2a20-4ad0-9386-8f40d6694bb2_3200x2328.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WbYz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5f00050a-2a20-4ad0-9386-8f40d6694bb2_3200x2328.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WbYz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5f00050a-2a20-4ad0-9386-8f40d6694bb2_3200x2328.jpeg" width="1456" height="1059" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5f00050a-2a20-4ad0-9386-8f40d6694bb2_3200x2328.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1059,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1579068,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WbYz!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5f00050a-2a20-4ad0-9386-8f40d6694bb2_3200x2328.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WbYz!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5f00050a-2a20-4ad0-9386-8f40d6694bb2_3200x2328.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WbYz!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5f00050a-2a20-4ad0-9386-8f40d6694bb2_3200x2328.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WbYz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5f00050a-2a20-4ad0-9386-8f40d6694bb2_3200x2328.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>H&#236;nh tr&#7921;c quan c&#7911;a B&#7843;ng m&#244; t&#7843; l&#7907;i nhu&#7853;n</em></figcaption></figure></div><p><strong>Sales (Revenue or Top line)</strong>: Doanh thu b&#225;n h&#224;ng, vi&#7879;c ghi nh&#7853;n doanh thu th&#432;&#7901;ng c&#259;n c&#7913; tr&#234;n th&#7901;i gian ho&#224;n th&#224;nh.</p><p><strong>Cost of Revenue (Cost of Goods Sold - COGS, Cost of Service - COS)</strong>: Chi ph&#237; gi&#225; v&#7889;n h&#224;ng h&#243;a (bao g&#7891;m t&#7845;t c&#7843; c&#225;c chi ph&#237; tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p &#273;&#7871;n s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t, &#273;&#243;ng g&#243;i h&#224;ng h&#243;a b&#225;n ra)</p><p><strong>Selling General &amp; Admin</strong>: Salaries (administrative costs) + Marketing/Sales expenses</p><p><strong>Non Recurring</strong>: C&#225;c lo&#7841;i chi ph&#237; m&#7897;t l&#7847;n</p><p><strong>Taxes</strong>: C&#225;c lo&#7841;i thu&#7871;</p><p><strong>Net Profit</strong>&nbsp;(Net income, buttom line): L&#7907;i nhu&#7853;n thu&#7847;n</p><p><em>Sau &#273;&#226;y l&#224; v&#237; d&#7909; Income Statement c&#7911;a Microsoft n&#259;m 2015:</em></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uiqR!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F73bdd745-cd20-4e90-bd15-987df880b45a_3200x2792.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uiqR!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F73bdd745-cd20-4e90-bd15-987df880b45a_3200x2792.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uiqR!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F73bdd745-cd20-4e90-bd15-987df880b45a_3200x2792.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uiqR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F73bdd745-cd20-4e90-bd15-987df880b45a_3200x2792.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uiqR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F73bdd745-cd20-4e90-bd15-987df880b45a_3200x2792.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uiqR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F73bdd745-cd20-4e90-bd15-987df880b45a_3200x2792.jpeg" width="1456" height="1270" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/73bdd745-cd20-4e90-bd15-987df880b45a_3200x2792.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1270,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2340545,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uiqR!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F73bdd745-cd20-4e90-bd15-987df880b45a_3200x2792.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uiqR!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F73bdd745-cd20-4e90-bd15-987df880b45a_3200x2792.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uiqR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F73bdd745-cd20-4e90-bd15-987df880b45a_3200x2792.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uiqR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F73bdd745-cd20-4e90-bd15-987df880b45a_3200x2792.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>Income statement c&#7911;a c&#244;ng ty Microsoft n&#259;m 2015</em></figcaption></figure></div><p><em>&#272;&#7875; d&#7877; nh&#236;n c&#243; th&#7875; gh&#233;p v&#224;o m&#244; h&#236;nh tr&#7921;c quan &#7903; tr&#234;n nh&#432; sau:</em></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1wSN!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F19a577d5-fb44-404f-a728-78d5f18bfa82_3200x3052.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1wSN!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F19a577d5-fb44-404f-a728-78d5f18bfa82_3200x3052.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1wSN!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F19a577d5-fb44-404f-a728-78d5f18bfa82_3200x3052.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1wSN!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F19a577d5-fb44-404f-a728-78d5f18bfa82_3200x3052.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1wSN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F19a577d5-fb44-404f-a728-78d5f18bfa82_3200x3052.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1wSN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F19a577d5-fb44-404f-a728-78d5f18bfa82_3200x3052.jpeg" width="1456" height="1389" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/19a577d5-fb44-404f-a728-78d5f18bfa82_3200x3052.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1389,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2295116,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1wSN!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F19a577d5-fb44-404f-a728-78d5f18bfa82_3200x3052.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1wSN!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F19a577d5-fb44-404f-a728-78d5f18bfa82_3200x3052.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1wSN!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F19a577d5-fb44-404f-a728-78d5f18bfa82_3200x3052.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1wSN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F19a577d5-fb44-404f-a728-78d5f18bfa82_3200x3052.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>C&#243; th&#7875; &#273;i&#7873;u th&#244;ng tin m&#7897;t c&#225;ch tr&#7921;c quan nh&#432; h&#236;nh tr&#234;n</em></figcaption></figure></div><h2>C&#243; m&#7897;t s&#7889; kh&#225;i ni&#7879;m ch&#250;ng ta c&#7847;n hi&#7875;u</h2><p><strong>Kh&#7845;u hao (Depreciation)</strong>:</p><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; chi ph&#237; phi ti&#7873;n, t&#7913;c l&#224; b&#7841;n s&#7869; kh&#244;ng th&#7845;y n&#243; trong B&#7843;ng d&#242;ng ti&#7873;n (The cashflow statement). &#272;&#226;y th&#7921;c ra l&#224; m&#7897;t kho&#7843;n ti&#7873;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#226;n b&#7893; &#273;&#7873;u ra c&#225;c th&#225;ng trong m&#7897;t kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7883;nh c&#7911;a c&#225;c chi ph&#237; &#273;&#7847;u t&#432; cho thi&#7871;t b&#7883;, xe c&#7897;, h&#7841; t&#7847;ng, m&#225;y ch&#7911;, ... (c&#225;c lo&#7841;i kh&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng xuy&#234;n) - ch&#250;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#7885;i l&#224; c&#225;c lo&#7841;i chi ph&#237; kh&#244;ng l&#7863;p &#273;i l&#7863;p l&#7841;i (non-recurring expenses), c&#242;n g&#7885;i l&#224;&nbsp;<strong>CAPEX</strong>. VD m&#225;y ch&#7911; kh&#7845;u hao trong 3 n&#259;m, $2000 --&gt; chi ph&#237; kh&#7845;u hao h&#224;ng th&#225;ng l&#224;: 2000/36= $55.6/month.</p><p><strong>EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization)</strong></p><p><em>L&#7907;i nhu&#7853;n tr&#432;&#7899;c l&#227;i vay, thu&#7871;, kh&#7845;u hao v&#224; c&#225;c kho&#7843;n gi&#7843;m tr&#7915;</em></p><p><strong>EBIT (earnings beforre interest and taxes)</strong></p><p><em>L&#7907;i nhu&#7853;n tr&#432;&#7899;c l&#227;i vay v&#224; thu&#7871;</em></p><p><strong>Interest</strong></p><p><em>L&#227;i vay tr&#7843; cho c&#225;c Ch&#7911; n&#7907; (Creditors)</em></p><p><strong>Taxes</strong></p><p><em>Thu&#7871; c&#225;c lo&#7841;i theo quy &#273;&#7883;nh c&#7911;a ph&#225;p lu&#7853;t hi&#7879;n h&#224;nh</em></p><p><strong>EAT (earnings after tax, net income, net profit)</strong></p><p><em>L&#7907;i nhu&#7853;n sau thu&#7871;</em></p><p><strong>Dividends</strong></p><p><em>C&#7893; t&#7913;c chia l&#7841;i cho c&#225;c c&#7893; &#273;&#244;ng</em></p><p><strong>RE (retained earnings)</strong></p><p><em>L&#7907;i nhu&#7853;n ch&#432;a ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i, l&#224; l&#7907;i nhu&#7853;n sau khi chi tr&#7843; c&#7893; t&#7913;c cho c&#225;c c&#7893; &#273;&#244;ng t&#7915; ph&#7847;n l&#7907;i nhu&#7853;n sau thu&#7871;.</em></p><p><strong>EBITDA &amp; Net Income</strong></p><p>Net income b&#7857;ng doanh thu tr&#7915; &#273;i t&#7845;t c&#7843; c&#225;c lo&#7841;i chi ph&#237;. EBITDA b&#7857;ng doanh thu tr&#7915; &#273;i c&#225;c lo&#7841;i chi ph&#237; ngo&#7841;i tr&#7915; l&#227;i vay, thu&#7871; v&#224; kh&#7845;u hao. EBITDA n&#243;i v&#7873; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; th&#7921;c t&#7871; c&#7911;a doanh nghi&#7879;p, m&#7897;t doanh nghi&#7879;p ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng t&#7889;t hay kh&#244;ng ta th&#432;&#7901;ng xem x&#233;t d&#7921;a tr&#234;n ch&#7881; s&#7889; n&#224;y.</p><p>C&#225;c nh&#224; qu&#7843;n tr&#7883; th&#432;&#7901;ng qu&#7843;n tr&#7883; ch&#7881; s&#7889; v&#7873; EBITDA, Net Income th&#236; c&#225;c &#244;ng ch&#7911; th&#432;&#7901;ng hay quan t&#226;m.</p><p><strong>Fixed &amp; variable expenses</strong></p><p><em>Chi ph&#237; c&#7889; &#273;&#7883;nh v&#224; bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7893;i.</em></p><p>Variable cost &#273;&#432;&#7907;c hi&#7875;u l&#224; bi&#7871;n ph&#237; hay c&#242;n g&#7885;i l&#224; chi ph&#237; thay &#273;&#7893;i. Bi&#7871;n ph&#237; ch&#237;nh l&#224; nh&#7919;ng kho&#7843;n chi ph&#237; ph&#7843;i tr&#7843; tham gia tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p v&#224;o qu&#225; tr&#236;nh t&#7841;o ra m&#7897;t s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m nh&#432; nguy&#234;n li&#7879;u, chi ph&#237; c&#244;ng nh&#226;n, bao b&#236;, chi ph&#237; s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t&#8230; Bi&#7871;n ph&#237; s&#7869; thay &#273;&#7893;i khi quy m&#244;, s&#7843;n l&#432;&#7907;ng s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t thay &#273;&#7893;i.</p><p>Chi ph&#237; c&#7889; &#273;&#7883;nh fixed cost l&#224; chi ph&#237; m&#224; m&#7897;t c&#244;ng ty ph&#7843;i ch&#7883;u th&#432;&#7901;ng xuy&#234;n b&#7845;t k&#7875; quy m&#244; n&#224;o c&#7911;a s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t kinh doanh.</p><p><strong>Break-even point</strong></p><p><em>&#272;i&#7875;m h&#242;a v&#7889;n = &#273;i&#7875;m giao gi&#7919;a doanh thu v&#224; t&#7893;ng chi ph&#237; (fixed + variable expenses)</em></p><p>Nh&#432; v&#7853;y ta &#273;&#227; c&#243; hi&#7875;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#417; b&#7897; v&#7873; c&#225;c thu&#7853;t ng&#7919; t&#224;i ch&#237;nh c&#417; b&#7843;n v&#224; c&#361;ng hi&#7875;u th&#7871; n&#224;o l&#224; The balanced sheet v&#224; The income statement. Nh&#432;ng c&#243; v&#7867; nh&#432; hai th&#7913; n&#224;y &#273;ang kh&#244;ng c&#243; li&#234;n h&#7879; v&#7899;i nhau. V&#7853;y c&#225;i g&#236; s&#7869; k&#7871;t n&#7889;i gi&#7919;a hai c&#225;i n&#224;y? C&#226;u tr&#7843; l&#7901;i l&#224; Ti&#7873;n m&#7863;t (Cash). V&#224; ti&#7873;n c&#361;ng s&#7869; l&#224; th&#7913; l&#232;o l&#225;i business.</p><ul><li><p>Ta s&#7917; d&#7909;ng t&#224;i s&#7843;n &#273;&#7875; sinh ra ti&#7873;n m&#7863;t th&#244;ng qua doanh thu b&#225;n h&#224;ng</p></li><li><p>Qu&#225; tr&#236;nh s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t s&#7869; c&#7847;n ti&#7873;n m&#7863;t cho c&#225;c lo&#7841;i chi ph&#237;</p></li><li><p>L&#7907;i nhu&#7853;n ch&#432;a ph&#226;n b&#7893; s&#7869; l&#224;m ra t&#259;ng t&#224;i s&#7843;n</p></li></ul><p><strong>Cashflow statement v&#224; Income statement c&#243; g&#236; kh&#225;c nhau?</strong></p><p>B&#7843;ng d&#242;ng ti&#7873;n (cashflow statement) ch&#7881; cho ch&#250;ng ta th&#7845;y nh&#7919;ng th&#7913; m&#224; B&#7843;ng l&#7907;i nhu&#7853;n (income statement) kh&#244;ng th&#7875;. S&#7921; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t n&#7857;m &#7903; c&#225;c ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng th&#7921;c t&#7871; kh&#244;ng t&#225;c &#273;&#7897;ng &#273;&#7871;n ti&#7873;n m&#7863;t.</p><p>C&#243; nh&#7919;ng doanh thu &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ghi nh&#7853;n tr&#234;n b&#7843;ng l&#7907;i nhu&#7853;n nh&#432;ng ti&#7873;n m&#7863;t th&#7921;c t&#7871; l&#7841;i ch&#432;a h&#7873; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#7853;n. T&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; c&#243; nh&#7919;ng chi ph&#237; c&#7847;n tr&#7843; tr&#432;&#7899;c ho&#7863;c sau chu k&#7923; k&#7871; to&#225;n.</p><p>M&#7897;t c&#225;i cho th&#7845;y ti&#7873;n m&#7863;t th&#7921;c t&#7871; trong chu k&#7923; k&#7871; to&#225;n, m&#7897;t c&#225;i th&#236; l&#7841;i cho ta th&#7845;y t&#236;nh h&#236;nh kinh doanh trong chu k&#7923; &#273;&#243;.</p><h2>The cashflow statement</h2><p><em>B&#7843;ng d&#242;ng ti&#7873;n m&#7863;t</em></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1Z-U!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F86dc1ec1-6e52-439a-ba91-1116a3b1fc98_3200x2456.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1Z-U!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F86dc1ec1-6e52-439a-ba91-1116a3b1fc98_3200x2456.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1Z-U!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F86dc1ec1-6e52-439a-ba91-1116a3b1fc98_3200x2456.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1Z-U!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F86dc1ec1-6e52-439a-ba91-1116a3b1fc98_3200x2456.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1Z-U!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F86dc1ec1-6e52-439a-ba91-1116a3b1fc98_3200x2456.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1Z-U!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F86dc1ec1-6e52-439a-ba91-1116a3b1fc98_3200x2456.jpeg" width="1456" height="1117" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/86dc1ec1-6e52-439a-ba91-1116a3b1fc98_3200x2456.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1117,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1744109,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1Z-U!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F86dc1ec1-6e52-439a-ba91-1116a3b1fc98_3200x2456.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1Z-U!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F86dc1ec1-6e52-439a-ba91-1116a3b1fc98_3200x2456.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1Z-U!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F86dc1ec1-6e52-439a-ba91-1116a3b1fc98_3200x2456.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1Z-U!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F86dc1ec1-6e52-439a-ba91-1116a3b1fc98_3200x2456.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>M&#244; t&#7843; tr&#7921;c quan c&#7911;a d&#242;ng ti&#7873;n m&#7863;t t&#225;c &#273;&#7897;ng l&#234;n Balanced sheet &amp; Income statement</em></figcaption></figure></div><p>B&#7843;ng d&#242;ng ti&#7873;n m&#7863;t b&#7843;n ch&#7845;t c&#259;n c&#7913; tr&#234;n c&#225;c d&#242;ng ti&#7873;n m&#7863;t v&#224;o ra doanh nghi&#7879;p trong chu k&#7923; t&#224;i ch&#237;nh. Nh&#236;n theo h&#236;nh &#7903; tr&#234;n th&#236; c&#243; th&#7875; hi&#7875;u ti&#7873;n m&#7863;t ch&#237;nh l&#224; nh&#226;n t&#7889; k&#7871;t n&#7889;i hai b&#7843;ng <strong>Balanced sheet</strong> v&#224; <strong>Income statement.</strong></p><p>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng mu&#7889;n m&#7845;t ki&#7875;m so&#225;t v&#224; &#273;&#7849;y doanh nghi&#7879;p c&#7911;a m&#236;nh v&#224;o t&#236;nh tr&#7841;ng kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7911; ti&#7873;n m&#7863;t &#273;&#7875; v&#7853;n h&#224;nh th&#236; b&#7841;n h&#227;y ngay l&#7853;p t&#7913;c l&#7853;p k&#7871; ho&#7841;ch d&#242;ng ti&#7873;n v&#224; b&#225;o c&#225;o d&#242;ng ti&#7873;n h&#224;ng th&#225;ng &#273;i. Ch&#250;ng t&#244;i s&#7889;ng v&#224; t&#7891;n t&#7841;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nhi&#7873;u n&#259;m c&#361;ng ch&#7881; nh&#7901; m&#7897;t thao t&#225;c &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n n&#224;y.</p><p><em>M&#7897;t v&#237; d&#7909; v&#7873; Cashflow statement c&#7911;a Apple Inc (2015):</em></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oi7a!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd4af056b-bf4f-42d3-91b6-45efbf53faa8_2264x3200.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oi7a!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd4af056b-bf4f-42d3-91b6-45efbf53faa8_2264x3200.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oi7a!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd4af056b-bf4f-42d3-91b6-45efbf53faa8_2264x3200.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oi7a!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd4af056b-bf4f-42d3-91b6-45efbf53faa8_2264x3200.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oi7a!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd4af056b-bf4f-42d3-91b6-45efbf53faa8_2264x3200.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oi7a!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd4af056b-bf4f-42d3-91b6-45efbf53faa8_2264x3200.jpeg" width="1456" height="2058" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d4af056b-bf4f-42d3-91b6-45efbf53faa8_2264x3200.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:2058,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2037628,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oi7a!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd4af056b-bf4f-42d3-91b6-45efbf53faa8_2264x3200.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oi7a!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd4af056b-bf4f-42d3-91b6-45efbf53faa8_2264x3200.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oi7a!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd4af056b-bf4f-42d3-91b6-45efbf53faa8_2264x3200.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oi7a!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd4af056b-bf4f-42d3-91b6-45efbf53faa8_2264x3200.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>B&#7843;ng Income statement c&#7911;a Apple</em></figcaption></figure></div><h2>C&#243; th&#7875; hi&#7875;u nh&#432; sau!</h2><p>The cash flow statement l&#224; b&#225;o c&#225;o t&#224;i ch&#237;nh b&#7855;t bu&#7897;c th&#7913; 3. N&#243; kh&#244;ng n&#243;i v&#7873; nh&#7919;ng g&#236; c&#244;ng ty c&#243; v&#224; n&#7907; g&#236;, t&#224;i s&#7843;n c&#243; nh&#7919;ng g&#236; (c&#225;i n&#224;y b&#7843;ng c&#226;n &#273;&#7889;i t&#224;i ch&#237;nh s&#7869; n&#243;i), n&#243; c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng n&#243;i v&#7873; vi&#7879;c c&#244;ng ty &#273;ang ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng t&#7889;t hay kh&#244;ng (c&#225;i n&#224;y income statement s&#7869; n&#243;i).</p><p>Cashflow statement s&#7869; ch&#7881; r&#245; chi ti&#7871;t r&#7857;ng bao nhi&#234;u ti&#7873;n m&#7863;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c thu v&#7873; v&#224; tr&#7843; &#273;i trong to&#224;n chu k&#7923; k&#7871; to&#225;n v&#224; c&#361;ng ch&#7881; r&#245; c&#244;ng ty &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7845;t bao nhi&#234;u ti&#7873;n &#7903; cu&#7889;i chu k&#7923;. N&#243; s&#7869; ch&#7881; ra l&#432;&#7907;ng ti&#7873;n m&#7863;t b&#7841;n c&#7847;n c&#243; trong chu k&#7923;, n&#243; nh&#432; m&#225;u trong c&#417; th&#7875;, h&#7871;t m&#225;u c&#417; th&#7875; doanh nghi&#7879;p s&#7869; d&#7915;ng m&#7885;i ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t kinh doanh v&#224; s&#7869; d&#7915;ng vi&#7879;c s&#7843;n sinh ra ti&#7873;n cho doanh nghi&#7879;p, v&#242;ng quay ch&#7845;m d&#7913;t!</p><p>Ba b&#7843;ng t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p t&#224;i ch&#237;nh n&#224;y s&#7869; n&#243;i cho ta r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u &#273;i&#7873;u trong qu&#225; tr&#236;nh qu&#7843;n tr&#7883; v&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u h&#224;nh doanh nghi&#7879;p. C&#225;c b&#7841;n c&#7847;n tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m n&#243; m&#7899;i th&#7845;y h&#7871;t s&#7921; th&#250; v&#7883; v&#224; c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t c&#7911;a n&#243;.</p><h2>M&#7897;t s&#7889; ch&#7881; s&#7889; t&#224;i ch&#237;nh qu&#7843;n tr&#7883; quan tr&#7885;ng</h2><p><strong>Current ratio</strong></p><blockquote><p><em>(=t&#224;i s&#7843;n ng&#7855;n h&#7841;n/n&#7907; ng&#7855;n h&#7841;n)</em></p></blockquote><p>l&#224;&nbsp;h&#7879; <strong>s&#7889; thanh to&#225;n hi&#7879;n h&#224;nh, h&#7879; s&#7889; thanh to&#225;n ng&#7855;n h&#7841;n</strong>. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t ch&#7881; s&#7889; cho bi&#7871;t t&#7881; s&#7889; gi&#7919;a t&#224;i s&#7843;n l&#432;u &#273;&#7897;ng hi&#7879;n c&#243; v&#224; n&#7907; ng&#7855;n h&#7841;n, ph&#7843;n &#225;nh kh&#7843; n&#259;ng hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i c&#7911;a doanh nghi&#7879;p trong vi&#7879;c thanh to&#225;n c&#225;c kho&#7843;n n&#7907; ng&#7855;n h&#7841;n &#273;&#243;.</p><p><strong>Quick ratio</strong></p><blockquote><p><em>(=ti&#7873;n m&#7863;t + c&#225;c kho&#7843;n t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#432;&#417;ng ti&#7873;n + &#273;&#7847;u t&#432; tc ng&#7855;n h&#7841;n + ph&#7843;i thu kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng)/(n&#7907; ng&#7855;n h&#7841;n)</em></p></blockquote><p><strong>l&#224; h&#7879; s&#7889; (t&#7927; s&#7889;) thanh to&#225;n nhanh</strong>. C&#242;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#7885;i l&#224; h&#7879; s&#7889; th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m axit, h&#7879; s&#7889; thanh to&#225;n nhanh &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng ti&#7873;n m&#7863;t ho&#7863;c bao nhi&#234;u t&#224;i s&#7843;n m&#224; m&#7897;t c&#244;ng ty c&#243; th&#7875; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; thanh to&#225;n c&#225;c ngh&#297;a v&#7909; ng&#7855;n h&#7841;n c&#7911;a m&#236;nh.</p><p><strong>Cash ratio</strong></p><blockquote><p><em>(=ti&#7873;n m&#7863;t + c&#225;c kho&#7843;n t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#432;&#417;ng ti&#7873;n/n&#7907; ng&#7855;n h&#7841;n)</em></p></blockquote><p><strong>H&#7879; s&#7889; thanh to&#225;n b&#7857;ng ti&#7873;n</strong>&nbsp;cho bi&#7871;t doanh nghi&#7879;p c&#243; bao nhi&#234;u &#273;&#7891;ng v&#7889;n b&#7857;ng ti&#7873;n &#273;&#7875; s&#7861;n s&#224;ng thanh to&#225;n cho m&#7897;t &#273;&#7891;ng n&#7907; ng&#7855;n h&#7841;n. T&#7927; l&#7879; n&#224;y&nbsp;l&#224; th&#432;&#7899;c &#273;o kh&#7843; n&#259;ng thanh kho&#7843;n c&#7911;a c&#244;ng ty, c&#7909; th&#7875; l&#224; t&#7881; l&#7879; t&#7893;ng ti&#7873;n v&#224; c&#225;c kho&#7843;n t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#432;&#417;ng ti&#7873;n c&#7911;a c&#244;ng ty v&#7899;i c&#225;c kho&#7843;n n&#7907; hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i c&#7911;a c&#244;ng ty.</p><p><strong>Working capital</strong></p><blockquote><p><em>(v&#7889;n l&#432;u &#273;&#7897;ng=t&#224;i s&#7843;n ng&#7855;n h&#7841;n - n&#7907; ng&#7855;n h&#7841;n)</em></p></blockquote><p>l&#224; m&#7897;t th&#432;&#7899;c &#273;o t&#224;i ch&#237;nh &#273;&#7841;i di&#7879;n cho thanh kho&#7843;n v&#7853;n h&#224;nh c&#243; s&#7861;n cho m&#7897;t doanh nghi&#7879;p. C&#249;ng v&#7899;i c&#225;c t&#224;i s&#7843;n c&#7889; &#273;&#7883;nh nh&#432; nh&#224; m&#225;y v&#224; thi&#7871;t b&#7883;, v&#7889;n l&#432;u &#273;&#7897;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c coi l&#224; m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n c&#7911;a v&#7889;n ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng. N&#243; cho bi&#7871;t ngu&#7891;n l&#7921;c s&#7861;n c&#243; c&#7911;a doanh nghi&#7879;p, &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o cho c&#225;c ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng c&#417; b&#7843;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c di&#7877;n ra m&#7897;t c&#225;ch b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng.</p><p><strong>Capital employed</strong></p><blockquote><p><em>(=t&#7893;ng t&#224;i s&#7843;n - n&#7907; ng&#7855;n h&#7841;n)</em></p></blockquote><p>N&#243; l&#224; t&#7893;ng ngu&#7891;n v&#7889;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng.</p><p><strong>ROA</strong></p><blockquote><p><em>(=net profit/total assets)</em></p></blockquote><p>N&#243;i cho ch&#250;ng ta bi&#7871;t hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; t&#7915; vi&#7879;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng t&#224;i s&#7843;n c&#7911;a doanh nghi&#7879;p. T&#250;m l&#7841;i l&#224; m&#7895;i $100 t&#224;i s&#7843;n c&#244;ng ty th&#236; ta thu l&#7901;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bao nhi&#234;u &#273;&#7891;ng.</p><p><strong>ROE</strong></p><blockquote><p><em>(=net profit/Equity)</em></p></blockquote><p>N&#243;i cho ch&#250;ng ta bi&#7871;t hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; c&#7911;a vi&#7879;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng v&#7889;n ch&#7911; s&#7903; h&#7919;u. N&#243; n&#243;i cho ch&#250;ng ta bi&#7871;t c&#225;c nh&#224; &#273;&#7847;u t&#432; s&#7869; ki&#7871;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#236; tr&#234;n ngu&#7891;n v&#7889;n h&#7885; &#273;&#227; b&#7887; ra.</p><p><strong>ROCE</strong>&nbsp;(The return of capital employed)</p><blockquote><p>(=EBIT/Capital Employed)</p></blockquote><p>Ch&#7881; s&#7889; ROCE hay t&#7927; l&#7879; l&#7907;i nhu&#7853;n tr&#234;n v&#7889;n s&#7917; d&#7909;ng (doanh l&#7907;i tr&#234;n v&#7889;n) &#273;&#432;&#7907;c&nbsp;<strong>d&#249;ng &#273;&#7875; &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng kh&#7843; n&#259;ng t&#7841;o ra l&#7907;i nhu&#7853;n tr&#234;n l&#432;&#7907;ng v&#7889;n doanh nghi&#7879;p &#273;&#227; b&#7887; ra</strong>. N&#243;i c&#225;ch kh&#225;c, ROCE cho bi&#7871;t m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; trong ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng s&#7917; d&#7909;ng v&#7889;n c&#7911;a doanh nghi&#7879;p &#273;&#7875; t&#7841;o ra l&#7907;i nhu&#7853;n.</p><blockquote><p>N&#243;i chung l&#224; to&#233;t h&#7871;t c&#7843; m&#7855;t, c&#7921;c k&#7923; ki&#234;n nh&#7851;n &#273;&#7875; ng&#7891;i vi&#7871;t c&#225;i notes n&#224;y. C&#225;c b&#7841;n &#273;&#7885;c th&#7845;y c&#243; &#237;ch cho startup c&#7911;a m&#236;nh v&#224; b&#7841;n m&#236;nh th&#236; share t&#7907;n. C&#225;c chuy&#234;n gia t&#224;i ch&#237;nh th&#236; c&#361;ng &#273;&#7915;ng n&#233;m &#273;&#225; n&#7871;u th&#7845;y sai, h&#227;y g&#243;p &#253; &#273;&#7875; c&#259;n ch&#7881;nh cho &#273;&#250;ng. Nh&#432; th&#7871; x&#227; h&#7897;i n&#243; m&#7899;i t&#7889;t &#273;&#7865;p n&#234;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c.</p></blockquote><p>Ngu&#7891;n tham kh&#7843;o</p><ul><li><p>Kinh nghi&#7879;p th&#7921;c t&#7871; v&#7853;n h&#224;nh <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/feed/hashtag/mog">#MOG</a></p></li><li><p>Visual Finance</p></li><li><p>T&#432; li&#7879;u t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p t&#7915; nhi&#7873;u ngu&#7891;n</p></li></ul><div class="poll-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;id&quot;:93936}" data-component-name="PollToDOM"></div><div class="pullquote"><p>&#128161; B&#224;i vi&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c vi&#7871;t ng&#224;y 15-Oct-2016, c&#7853;p nh&#7853;t th&#225;ng 5/2023.</p></div>]]></content:encoded></item></channel></rss>